In the world of anime, authorship is a complex concept because anime is produced by large studio systems as massive productions involving many contributors. Production companies decide which anime to produce, and hire directors, screenwriters, and animators for projects. In the anime industry, the director may not necessarily contribute to the creative work of the series but mainly oversees that every aspect of production runs smoothly. Working under the director of a series or movie are episode directors (direct individual episodes of an anime series), animation directors (responsible for the animation of the anime), and art directors (in charge of the visual style of the anime). Therefore, instead of individual creators, studios and their production committees are more commonly known. Only a few clear auteur-style figures (where the director is creator of the film) exist. Hayao Miyazaki of Studio Ghibli is considered one such figure.
